Lab tests library
What each line on your pet’s lab form means — in plain words, with sources. Not a substitute for your vet.
Show notes for:— shows notes for the selected species inside articles
Complete blood count
1 article
Biochemistry
3 articles
Urinalysis
1 article
Hormones
0 articles
Articles coming soon
Other
0 articles
Articles coming soon
Articles explain what a value means; only your veterinarian can interpret results for your pet.
All indicators — reference table
Every indicator the app recognises: how labs write it and which units occur on forms. Indicators with an article link to it.
| Indicator | Units | article → |
|---|---|---|
| Hemoglobin | g/L · g/dL → g/L | article → |
| Hematocrit | L/L · % → L/L | |
| Red Blood Cell Count | 10^12/L · 10^6/µL · M/µL → 10^12/L | |
| Mean Corpuscular Volume | fL · µm3 → fL | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin | pg | |
| Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration | g/L · g/dL · % → g/L | |
| Red Cell Distribution Width | % | |
| RDW-SD | fl · fL → fl | |
| White Blood Cell Count | 10^9/L · 10^3/µL · K/µL → 10^9/L | |
| Segmented Neutrophils | 10^9/L | |
| Band Neutrophils | 10^9/L | |
| Lymphocytes | 10^9/L | |
| Monocytes | 10^9/L | |
| Eosinophils | 10^9/L | |
| Basophils | 10^9/L | |
| Platelets | 10^9/L · 10^3/µL → 10^9/L | |
| Mean Platelet Volume | fL | |
| Reticulocytes | 10^9/L · K/µL → 10^9/L | |
| Creatinine | µmol/L · umol/L · mg/dL → µmol/L | article → |
| Urea | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen | mg/dL · mmol/L → mg/dL | |
| Alanine Aminotransferase | U/L · IU/L → U/L | article → |
| Aspartate Aminotransferase | U/L · IU/L → U/L | |
| Alkaline Phosphatase | U/L · IU/L → U/L | |
| Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase | U/L | |
| Total Bilirubin | µmol/L · mg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Direct Bilirubin | µmol/L · mg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Total Protein | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Albumin | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Globulin | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Glucose | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Cholesterol | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Triglycerides | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Amylase | U/L | |
| Lipase | U/L | |
| Canine Pancreatic Lipase | µg/L · ng/mL → µg/L | |
| Feline Pancreatic Lipase | µg/L · ng/mL → µg/L | |
| Creatine Kinase | U/L | |
| Lactate Dehydrogenase | U/L | |
| Calcium | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Phosphorus | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Magnesium | mmol/L · mg/dL · mEq/L → mmol/L | |
| Iron | µmol/L · µg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Bile Acids | µmol/L | |
| Sodium | mmol/L · mEq/L → mmol/L | |
| Potassium | mmol/L · mEq/L → mmol/L | |
| Chloride | mmol/L · mEq/L → mmol/L | |
| Bicarbonate | mmol/L · mEq/L → mmol/L | |
| Anion Gap | mmol/L · mEq/L → mmol/L | |
| Total Thyroxine | nmol/L · µg/dL · ng/mL → nmol/L | |
| Free Thyroxine | pmol/L · ng/dL · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Thyroid Stimulating Hormone | ng/mL · µg/L → ng/mL | |
| Cortisol | nmol/L · µg/dL → nmol/L | |
| Symmetric Dimethylarginine (SDMA) | µg/dL · µmol/L → µg/dL | article → |
| Fructosamine | µmol/L | |
| NT-proBNP | pmol/L | |
| Insulin | µIU/mL · pmol/L → µIU/mL | |
| Progesterone | nmol/L · ng/mL → nmol/L | |
| Parathyroid Hormone | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Urine Specific Gravity | ratio | |
| Urine pH | pH | |
| Urine Protein | — | |
| Urine Glucose | — | |
| Urine Ketones | — | |
| Urine Blood | — | |
| Urine Bilirubin | — | |
| Urobilinogen | — | |
| Urine Leukocytes | — | |
| Urine Protein:Creatinine Ratio | ratio | article → |
| Urine Color | — | |
| Prothrombin Time | s | |
| Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time | s | |
| Fibrinogen | g/L · mg/dL → g/L | |
| Mid-sized Cells | 10^9/L · 10^3/µL · K/µL → 10^9/L | |
| MID % | % | |
| Granulocytes | 10^9/L · 10^3/µL · K/µL → 10^9/L | |
| Granulocytes % | % | |
| Lymphocytes % | % | |
| Monocytes % | % | |
| Neutrophils % | % | |
| Eosinophils % | % | |
| Basophils % | % | |
| Neutrophils | 10^9/L · 10^3/µL · K/µL → 10^9/L | |
| Platelet Distribution Width | % | |
| PDW-SD | fL · fl → fL | |
| Plateletcrit | % | |
| Platelet Large Cell Ratio | % | |
| Nucleated Red Blood Cells | /100 WBC | |
| Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate | mm/h | |
| Total Solids (refractometer) | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Reticulocytes % | % | |
| Reticulocyte Hemoglobin | pg | |
| Aggregate Reticulocytes | 10^9/L | |
| Punctate Reticulocytes | 10^9/L | |
| Leukocyte Differential (manual) | % | |
| Blood Type DEA 1 | — | |
| Blood Type AB System | — | |
| Coombs Test (direct antiglobulin) | — | |
| Anisocytosis | — | |
| Polychromasia | — | |
| Hypochromasia | — | |
| Spherocytes | — | |
| Schistocytes | — | |
| Acanthocytes | — | |
| Heinz Bodies | — | |
| Toxic Change in Neutrophils | — | |
| Platelet Clumping | — | |
| Blood Parasite Screen (smear) | — | |
| Hemolysis Index | — | |
| Lipemia Index | — | |
| Icterus Index | — | |
| Cholinesterase | U/L | |
| Sorbitol Dehydrogenase | U/L | |
| Glutamate Dehydrogenase | U/L | |
| Alpha-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase | U/L | |
| Ammonia | µmol/L · µg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Uric Acid | µmol/L · mg/dL → µmol/L | |
| BUN:Creatinine Ratio | ratio | |
| Urea:Creatinine Ratio | ratio | |
| Albumin:Globulin Ratio | ratio | |
| Serum Osmolality | mOsm/kg | |
| HDL Cholesterol | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| LDL Cholesterol | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Non-Esterified Fatty Acids | mmol/L | |
| Beta-Hydroxybutyrate | mmol/L | |
| Blood Ketones (dipstick) | — | |
| Ferritin | ng/mL · µg/L → ng/mL | |
| Transferrin | g/L | |
| Total Iron-Binding Capacity | µmol/L · µg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Copper | µmol/L · µg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Zinc | µmol/L · µg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Manganese | µg/L | |
| Electrophoresis: Albumin Fraction | % | |
| Electrophoresis: Alpha-1 Globulin | % | |
| Electrophoresis: Alpha-2 Globulin | % | |
| Electrophoresis: Beta Globulin | % | |
| Electrophoresis: Gamma Globulin | % | |
| Lipase (DGGR method) | U/L | |
| Canine Prostate Specific Esterase | ng/mL | |
| Glomerular Filtration Rate (iohexol clearance) | mL/min/kg | |
| Ionized Calcium | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Sodium:Potassium Ratio | ratio | |
| Total CO2 | mmol/L | |
| Corrected Calcium (albumin-adjusted) | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Total Triiodothyronine (T3) | nmol/L · ng/dL → nmol/L | |
| Free Triiodothyronine (fT3) | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Free T4 by Equilibrium Dialysis | pmol/L · ng/dL → pmol/L | |
| Thyroglobulin Autoantibody | — | |
| T4 Autoantibody | — | |
| T3 Autoantibody | — | |
| Endogenous ACTH | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Cortisol Post-ACTH Stimulation | nmol/L · µg/dL → nmol/L | |
| Cortisol 4h Post Low-Dose Dexamethasone | nmol/L · µg/dL → nmol/L | |
| Cortisol 8h Post Low-Dose Dexamethasone | nmol/L · µg/dL → nmol/L | |
| Cortisol Post High-Dose Dexamethasone | nmol/L · µg/dL → nmol/L | |
| Urinary Cortisol:Creatinine Ratio | x10^-6 | |
| Aldosterone | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Aldosterone Post-ACTH | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 | ng/mL · nmol/L → ng/mL | |
| Testosterone | nmol/L · ng/mL → nmol/L | |
| Testosterone Post-hCG | nmol/L · ng/mL → nmol/L | |
| Estradiol (17-beta) | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Anti-Mullerian Hormone | ng/mL | |
| Luteinizing Hormone | — | |
| Relaxin (pregnancy) | — | |
| Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein | pmol/L | |
| Calcitriol (1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D) | pmol/L · pg/mL → pmol/L | |
| Insulin Autoantibody | — | |
| Canine Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity | µg/L · ng/mL → µg/L | |
| Feline Trypsin-Like Immunoreactivity | µg/L · ng/mL → µg/L | |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) | ng/L · pmol/L · pg/mL → ng/L | |
| Folate | µg/L · nmol/L · ng/mL → µg/L | |
| Methylmalonic Acid | µmol/L | |
| Pancreatic Elastase (fecal) | µg/g | |
| Alpha-1 Proteinase Inhibitor (fecal) | µg/g | |
| Gastrin | ng/L · pg/mL → ng/L | |
| Fecal Occult Blood | — | |
| Cardiac Troponin I | ng/mL · µg/L → ng/mL | |
| High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin I | ng/L · pg/mL → ng/L | |
| Cardiac Troponin T | ng/mL | |
| NT-proBNP (canine) | pmol/L | |
| NT-proBNP (feline) | pmol/L | |
| NT-proBNP SNAP (qualitative) | — | |
| Creatine Kinase-MB | U/L | |
| Blood pH | pH | |
| Partial Pressure of Carbon Dioxide | mmHg · kPa → mmHg | |
| Partial Pressure of Oxygen | mmHg · kPa → mmHg | |
| Bicarbonate (actual, blood gas) | mmol/L | |
| Base Excess | mmol/L | |
| Oxygen Saturation | % | |
| Lactate | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Urine Nitrites | — | |
| Urine Clarity/Turbidity | — | |
| Urine Creatinine | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Urine Protein (quantitative) | g/L · mg/dL → g/L | |
| Urine Microalbumin | mg/L · mg/dL → mg/L | |
| Urine Osmolality | mOsm/kg | |
| Urine Sodium | mmol/L | |
| Urine Potassium | mmol/L | |
| Urine Chloride | mmol/L | |
| Urine Calcium | mmol/L | |
| Urine Phosphorus | mmol/L | |
| Fractional Excretion of Sodium | % | |
| Fractional Excretion of Phosphorus | % | |
| Urine Cortisol | nmol/L | |
| Sediment: Erythrocytes | /hpf | |
| Sediment: Leukocytes | /hpf | |
| Sediment: Squamous Epithelial Cells | /hpf | |
| Sediment: Transitional Epithelial Cells | /hpf | |
| Sediment: Renal Epithelial Cells | /hpf | |
| Sediment: Hyaline Casts | /lpf | |
| Sediment: Granular Casts | /lpf | |
| Sediment: Waxy Casts | /lpf | |
| Sediment: Casts (total) | /lpf | |
| Sediment: Bacteria | — | |
| Sediment: Yeast/Fungal Elements | — | |
| Sediment: Spermatozoa | — | |
| Sediment: Mucus Threads | — | |
| Sediment: Lipid Droplets | — | |
| Crystals: Struvite | /hpf | |
| Crystals: Calcium Oxalate Dihydrate | /hpf | |
| Crystals: Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate | /hpf | |
| Crystals: Ammonium Biurate/Urate | /hpf | |
| Crystals: Cystine | /hpf | |
| Crystals: Bilirubin | /hpf | |
| Crystals: Amorphous Salts | — | |
| Crystals: Other/Unclassified | — | |
| Sediment: Parasite Ova (e.g. Capillaria) | — | |
| Sediment: Atypical/Neoplastic Cells | — | |
| D-Dimer | ng/mL · mg/L · µg/mL → ng/mL | |
| Thrombin Time | s | |
| Antithrombin III | % | |
| Fibrin Degradation Products | µg/mL | |
| Buccal Mucosal Bleeding Time | min | |
| Activated Clotting Time | s | |
| International Normalized Ratio | ratio | |
| Prothrombin Activity | % | |
| von Willebrand Factor Antigen | % | |
| Factor VIII Activity | % | |
| Protein C Activity | % | |
| FeLV Antigen (p27) | — | |
| FeLV Provirus PCR (quantitative) | — | |
| FIV Antibody | — | |
| Feline Coronavirus Antibody Titer | — | |
| Feline Coronavirus RT-PCR | — | |
| FIP Virus (mutation) RT-PCR | — | |
| Feline Panleukopenia Virus PCR | — | |
| Feline Herpesvirus-1 PCR | — | |
| Feline Calicivirus PCR | — | |
| Chlamydia felis PCR | — | |
| Mycoplasma haemofelis PCR | — | |
| Mycoplasma haemocanis PCR | — | |
| Bartonella spp. PCR | — | |
| Toxoplasma gondii IgG (IFA) | — | |
| Toxoplasma gondii IgM (IFA) | — | |
| Toxoplasma gondii PCR | — | |
| Neospora caninum IFA | — | |
| Canine Distemper Virus PCR | — | |
| Canine Distemper Virus VN Titer | — | |
| Canine Parvovirus PCR | — | |
| Canine Parvovirus HI Titer | — | |
| Canine Adenovirus PCR | — | |
| Canine Influenza Virus PCR (H3N2/H3N8) | — | |
| Bordetella bronchiseptica PCR | — | |
| Canine Enteric Coronavirus PCR | — | |
| Leptospira Microscopic Agglutination Test | — | |
| Leptospira spp. PCR | — | |
| Dirofilaria immitis Antigen | — | |
| Dirofilaria immitis Antibody | — | |
| Modified Knott's Test (microfilariae) | — | |
| Ehrlichia canis Antibody (IFA) | — | |
| Ehrlichia spp. PCR | — | |
| Anaplasma spp. Antibody | — | |
| Anaplasma spp. PCR | — | |
| Borrelia burgdorferi C6 Antibody | — | |
| Borrelia Quantitative C6 Antibody | — | |
| Babesia spp. PCR | — | |
| Babesia canis IFA Titer | — | |
| Leishmania infantum Antibody (IFA) | — | |
| Leishmania spp. PCR | — | |
| Rickettsia rickettsii IFA | — | |
| Brucella canis Antibody | — | |
| Giardia Antigen ELISA | — | |
| Cryptosporidium Antigen/PCR | — | |
| Tritrichomonas foetus PCR | — | |
| Dermatophyte (Ringworm) PCR | — | |
| Aspergillus Antibody/Antigen | — | |
| Cryptococcal Antigen (latex agglutination) | — | |
| Histoplasma capsulatum Antigen | — | |
| Aerobic Culture & Identification | — | |
| Urine Culture & Susceptibility | — | |
| Antimicrobial Susceptibility (MIC) | — | |
| 25-Hydroxyvitamin D | nmol/L · ng/mL → nmol/L | |
| Vitamin A (retinol) | µmol/L · µg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) | µmol/L · µg/mL → µmol/L | |
| Vitamin B1 (thiamine) | nmol/L | |
| Taurine (plasma) | µmol/L · nmol/mL → µmol/L | |
| Taurine (whole blood) | µmol/L · nmol/mL → µmol/L | |
| Selenium (serum) | µg/L · µmol/L → µg/L | |
| Phenobarbital (therapeutic level) | µg/mL · µmol/L → µg/mL | |
| Potassium Bromide (level) | mg/dL | |
| Levetiracetam (level) | µg/mL | |
| Zonisamide (level) | µg/mL | |
| Cyclosporine (trough level) | ng/mL | |
| Digoxin (level) | ng/mL · nmol/L → ng/mL | |
| Amikacin (level) | µg/mL | |
| Lead (whole blood) | µg/dL · µmol/L → µg/dL | |
| Ethylene Glycol | — | |
| Anticoagulant Rodenticide Screen | — | |
| Total IgE | IU/mL · kU/L → IU/mL | |
| Allergy Screening Test (environmental, pass/fail) | — | |
| IgE: Grass Pollens | EAU | |
| IgE: Tree Pollens | EAU | |
| IgE: Weed/Herb Pollens | EAU | |
| IgE: House Dust Mites | EAU | |
| IgE: Storage Mites | EAU | |
| IgE: Molds/Fungal Spores | EAU | |
| IgE: Epithelia/Feathers/Hair | EAU | |
| IgE: Flea Saliva | EAU | |
| IgE: Insect Panel | EAU | |
| IgE: Malassezia | EAU | |
| IgE: Food - Meat/Poultry | EAU | |
| IgE: Food - Fish/Seafood | EAU | |
| IgE: Food - Dairy/Egg | EAU | |
| IgE: Food - Grains/Cereals | EAU | |
| IgE: Food - Vegetables/Legumes | EAU | |
| Intradermal Skin Test | — | |
| Thymidine Kinase 1 | U/L | |
| Canine C-Reactive Protein | mg/L · mg/dL → mg/L | |
| Serum Amyloid A | mg/L · µg/mL → mg/L | |
| Haptoglobin | g/L · mg/dL → g/L | |
| Alpha-1 Acid Glycoprotein | mg/L · µg/mL → mg/L | |
| Antinuclear Antibody | — | |
| Rheumatoid Factor | — | |
| Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody | nmol/L | |
| PARR B-cell Clonality PCR | — | |
| PARR T-cell Clonality PCR | — | |
| c-KIT Exon 11 Mutation PCR | — | |
| Flow Cytometry Immunophenotyping | — | |
| Fecal Flotation (qualitative) | — | |
| Fecal Egg Count (quantitative) | EPG · eggs/g → EPG | |
| Fecal Direct Smear | — | |
| Baermann Test (lungworm larvae) | — | |
| Fecal Zinc Sulfate Centrifugation | — | |
| Ectoparasite Screen (skin scrape) | — | |
| Ear Swab for Mites | — | |
| Parasite Identification (submitted specimen) | — | |
| Tick Identification | — | |
| Fecal Parasite PCR Panel (KeyScreen) | — | |
| Cytology: Fine Needle Aspirate | — | |
| Cytology: Body Fluid | — | |
| Cytology: Bone Marrow | — | |
| Cytology: Impression Smear / Swab | — | |
| Cytology: Cerebrospinal Fluid | — | |
| CSF Total Protein | mg/dL · g/L → mg/dL | |
| CSF Nucleated Cell Count | cells/µL | |
| Effusion Total Protein | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Effusion Nucleated Cell Count | cells/µL | |
| Effusion Triglycerides | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Effusion Cholesterol | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Effusion Creatinine | µmol/L · mg/dL → µmol/L | |
| Effusion Potassium | mmol/L | |
| Effusion Lactate | mmol/L | |
| Effusion Glucose | mmol/L · mg/dL → mmol/L | |
| Rivalta Test | — | |
| Synovial Fluid Nucleated Cell Count | cells/µL | |
| Synovial Fluid Viscosity/Mucin Clot | — | |
| Large Unstained Cells (LUC) | 10^9/L | |
| Large Unstained Cells % | % | |
| Cellular Hemoglobin Content (CH) | pg | |
| Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration Mean (CHCM) | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Calculated Hemoglobin (cHGB) | g/L · g/dL → g/L | |
| Calcium × Phosphorus Product | mg²/dL² · mg/dL · mmol²/L² → mg²/dL² |
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